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Intra-Civilization Indonesia Malaysia

Intra-Civilization Indonesia Malaysia

Email: dedy.purwanto@gmail.com Mobile: +6013 4407660

 

‘Peringatan 50 Tahun Merdeka-Hubungan Malaysia Indonesia’ digelar selama satu minggu (17-21/07/07) di Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Acara ini diakhiri dengan pemberian gelar Doktor Honoris Causa kepada Wapres-RI, Jusuf Kalla, oleh Universiti Malaya. Hubungan kedua negara memang sudah dijalin sejak lama. Kesultanan beberapa negeri (seperti propinsi) di Malaysia dibawa sejak lama dari daerah-daerah di Indonesia. Misalnya saja Kesultanan Selangor berasal dari Bugis, Melaka dibawa dari Palembang, dan jika kita berkunjung ke Negeri Sembilan, maka bahasa dan rumah adat khas Minang akan mewarnai perjalanan kita.

Namun sayangnya, hubungan kedua negara saat ini (baik level pemerintah maupun masyarakat) dirasakan sangat biasa-biasa saja, kalau tidak mau dibilang lesu. Bahkan cenderung negatif untuk jenis hubungan antar dua bangsa yang sudah seperti saudara kandung ini. Sebelum membahas hal apa yang seharusnya dilakukan kedua negara, saya terlebih dahulu mengungkapkan bahwa sebenarnya telah terjadi citra negatif Indonesia di Malaysia maupun sebaliknya. Sehingga hal ini dapat menjadi rujukan untuk mengadakan pemulihan citra dan akhirnya kesaling-pahaman.

 

Citra negatif di negeri jiran

Citra negatif Indonesia di Malaysia setidaknya diwakili oleh tiga hal. Pertama, bayangan tsunami Aceh, gempa Yogya, kecelakaan Adam Air dan Garuda, masih melekat dalam ingatan masyarakat Malaysia. Media di Malaysia pun seolah mendukung pencitraan ini dengan selalu menampilkan setiap pemberitaan tentang Indonesia dari sisi negatif saja. Kedua, tanpa bermaksud merendahkan para ‘pahlawan devisa’ (TKI), pengiriman TKI untuk kerja lapangan membuat harga diri Indonesia di mata masyarakat negeri Pa’ Lah itu menjadi rendah. Sehingga orang Indonesia terasosiasi sebagai imigran haram (ilegal), pekerja kasar, bahkan TKW dikenal sebagai pekerja sambilan (seks komersial). Tidakkah memalukan? Kata ‘Indon’ yang kerap digunakan untuk menyebut orang Indonesia bahkan dirasakan sebagian masyarakat Indonesia di Malaysia menyakitkan hati karena terkesan merendahkan. Ketiga, derasnya laju masuknya sinetron, film, dan lagu-lagu dari Indonesia yang sarat dengan glamour, percintaan cengeng anak muda , pakaian sekolah remaja yang kebarat-baratan alias seksi, telah membentuk persepsi bahwa masyarakat Indonesia sudah jauh tercerabut dari akar budaya timur, khususnya melayu yang masih dipegang kuat oleh masyarakat Malaysia.

Namun sebenarnya , masyarakat Malaysia tidak bisa sepenuhnya disalahkan, perlu dipertanyakan apakah yang kerap menindas TKI dan memanfaatkan ‘jasa terlarang’ TKI dan juga media yang menyajikan berita negatif tentang Indonesia tersebut benar-benar saudara kita yang ‘truly serumpun’ atau bukan. Terlepas iya atau tidak, yang jelas hal ini perlu didialogkan secara intensif.

Sementara di Indonesia, Malaysia dipandang tidak adil karena telah merebut Sipadan dan Ligatan, ditambah lagi dengan kasus Ambalat. Demonstrasi bertuliskan “Ganyang Malaysia, Selamatkan Siti Nurhaliza” di Indonesia pun pernah dilakukan terkait kasus ini. Tulisan ini cukup membekas di benak sebagian masyarakat Malaysia. Selain itu, kasus-kasus penindasan terhadap TKI yang sangat sering diberitakan media di Indonesia menyimpan sedikit kesinisan masyarakat Indonesia terhadap Malaysia.

Intra-Civilization

Kondisi seperti ini tidak boleh dibiarkan begitu saja tanpa ada inisiatif kuat dari salah satu atau kedua negara untuk memulihkan lalu memperkuat hubungan. Sudah saatnya dialog antar negara dalam satu peradaban (intra-civilization) digalakkan. Ini dikarenakan ternyata antar satu sama lain masih memendam perbedaan, perpecahan, ketidaksepahaman, bahkan malah permusuhan.

Selama ini Indonesia sudah sangat prestatif mengambil inisiatif dalam usaha perdamaian dunia dalam menjembatani dialog antar peradaban barat dan peradaban Islam. Saya tidak bermaksud merendahkan arti dialog antar peradaban, namun kita jangan sampai lupa untuk turut mengambil inisiatif untuk membangun perdamaian antar ummah dalam satu peradaban. Agaknya hal ini masih jarang dilakukan padahal sejarah telah mencatat telah banyak terjadi clash antar sesama negara muslim.

Kompetisi global yang penuh dengan tekanan negara-negara besar dan serakah pun mengharuskan negara-negara muslim bersatu untuk keselamatan dan kesejahteraan ummah. Indonesia-Malaysia, dengan karakteristik Islam moderat dan bersahabat baik dengan semua peradaban, sudah semestinya menjadi ‘ibu yang ikhlas’ bagi ummah di seluruh dunia. Langkah ini harus dimulai dengan terlebih dahulu membangun hubungan yang kuat Indonesia-Malaysia. Ini tidaklah susah mengingat letak geografis dan akar budaya yang sangat, bahkan teramat dekat.

Kedua negara tentunya terlebih dahulu harus memabangun kesepahaman yang lebih intens terkait isu-isu yang merugikan atau menyakiti satu sama lain. Sampai pada akhirnya menuju proses penguatan pembangunan bersama di bidang ekonomi, politik, dan hukum. Seperti itulah sejatinya dua saudara kandung yang saling mencintai layaknya Muhajirin dan Anshar pada zaman Rasulullah saw. Saya yakin jika usaha ini benar-benar dilakukan, kesatuan dua negara ini untuk maju bersama akan menjadi kekuatan besar di dunia dalam menghadapi tekanan para pesaing-pesaing, kalau tidak mau disebut musuh. Sungguh logis jika kita lebih intensif membangun kerja sama yang luas dengan Malaysia ketimbang dengan Singapura dan Amerika yang terbukti licin dan pembohong. Sebaiknya kita dapat lebih arif mengamati mana sahabat yang potensial untuk diajak saling ikhlas dalam menuju kemajuan bersama dan mana yang tidak. Karena tentunya kita sepakat bahwa negeri kita adalah negeri yang beradab dan hanya mau menjadi besar dengan suci, jujur, dan ikhlas. Betul?

International WB Comp.’07 Participant

Likening Corruption as ‘Eating Pork’ through ‘From You for You’ Small Environment: Learning From My Past Projects

 

Do you ever find a place where you are wrong when you are on the true way and you are right when you are in the wrong way? In this place, some people could name you as a strange man when you always sustain in the truth. Before discussing more about this unique manner, in this first part of this paper, I narrate the general condition represented by some sad ‘stories’ in Indonesia then about my experience which triggers me to build two projects and establish new idea.

Here are some sad ‘stories’ in Indonesia: high cost for education, people have to get job abroad although just as servant with a low salary when the government can’t cover them, children live in a wild environment because of having no proper house to live, parent get a stress, kill themselves, and even kill their own children because of feeling frustrated imagining her children’s bad future, people in remote area are still in primitive life because of having no access for the development program, getting job as a civil servant (government officer) is not easy without much money. To be a police, soldier, civil servant, even work at popular national company, it must need ‘lubricant’ (red: much money). This story never ends, complicated, and the rest: money. If you want to be the member of the representative house, either in the province or the center, you must have ‘capital’ for that. It’s not enough that you have excellent brain, integrity, commitment, but the question will be how much fund you have is. By having enough funds, these moral values are only placed on the level something.[1]

My personal experience proves that those things above are true. From September until October 2005, I attended a program held by my university. It is called KKN (Kuliah Kerja Nyata), The Real Practical Work. The students are sent to a remote village and they must live there for 2 months without going home. Most of the villagers are tobacco farmers but they were in the low economic level. What made me couldn’t sleep comfort is when I remembered that there were many children without parents there. Definitely they had parent but not live together with them. Their parents (even their mothers) had to go abroad only to get a job as a house servant, blackleg, and other low level worker hence children who should get a warm touch and love from a mother had to live alone or just with their disabled grandmother/father. Nevertheless it is their fundamental right. Their mothers, as women, were also in a pity. As a house servant, they had no power when their boss hurt them and this case is already a common thing happened like often informed by media. They had no family in overseas to advocate them and government embassy couldn’t be a hope to help.

Besides parent’s love, they lose their right of education. No one could guide them how to behave well, how to know and implement the moral values such as discipline, respect elder, and help each other. They become wild children that know nothing how to love and use their deepest heart to love each other. Despite their parents were working abroad, it couldn’t guarantee the children had no financial problem. Thus it became a common view seeing them make a small crime like stealing.

Children in Progo and of course in the other part of Indonesia loss their rights in their young age. Their parents might say that they have no other choices but only go overseas although their job is only a servant. Where is the government in this case? Why does it just keep silent and can not cover this problem? I then discuss with some people until I mate with one of the members of representative house. He told me that definitely one of commissions in representative house already makes some programs to overcome poverty issue. One of them is PEM (Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat), The Community Economic Improvement. This program gives a credit without any interest at all to all the fishers’ wife. The goal is to give an added income for the fisher family: while the husband is going to the sea for getting fishes, the wife can do a little business in the land. But this program can not run well because the credit money reach to the fishers’ wife hand is already deducted after cutting by each bureaucracy stages from top to down. It results in the number of money in their hand is very small, nothing and not proper as budgeted by the representative commission.[2] So, whatever the program born for the society, although it sounds and seems nice and perfect, the positive effects for the society results from those programs are nothing. It’s not happened only in one place, but in the most of region in Indonesia.

Corruption has changed anything. There will be no such a thing of development for the society until this country can be free from the hard disease: corruption. I promised myself that I have to know more about corruption, why it is so massive in Indonesia. I make along discussion with everyone and reading articles and books. From reading and discussing, I find that people (officers, leaders, entrepreneurs) work not to devote for their country, they work only for money. Most of them think that they have spent much money to get their career, so they always try to get their money back soon then they can get the benefit after that although with the wrong way. This condition is existed from the grass root until representative house, and even the center of the government. The corruption is just like a common thing. It is associated in their mind that there’s nothing wrong in doing corruption either for the small manner (using office telephone for personal business, ‘taking’ the office stationary home, paying added money to get identity card faster or to make police let us go after not complying traffic rules) or the bigger manner like a headmaster manipulate the school finance report after taking some money to his pocket. One will be noticed as a common enemy when he/she isn’t cooperative. That’s why one will be wrong when he fights corruption and one will be right when he corrupts together. I take some factors bring corruption according to Syed Hussein Alatas opinion on his book. They are the weakness of religious and ethical teachings, poverty, and absence of environment conducive to anti-corrupt behavior.[3]

What Syed Hussein Alatas wrote is the root cause of corruption in Indonesia. It’s not easy to solve, but I believe that I can. I may not just keep passive, until now I already have established 2 projects to fight corruption. In this paper, I explain a bit about them then I explain more about my new idea born after considering from the weakness in those 2 past projects (Anti-Corruption School for university student and The Rich for The Poor School for children). A few sharing information about them is as follow, I give more detail only for my new idea as the core of this paper.

 

 

 

Anti-Corruption School (ACS) for University Students

 

My friends and I find that university students as the new generation is getting closer to be the ruling elite. Let’s imagine! If they were in three sectors (public, private, and NGO (Non-Government Organization)) and all of them kept in their commitment to devote for the country, struggle to contribute massively, and clean the bad system, I am sure there will be a significant change in this country in terms of fighting corruption. The main goal of anti-corruption school is to create clean future leaders. ATS succeeded getting cooperation with KPK (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi), Commission Against Corruption. It provided their staffs to be some speakers in lectures at this school. Other speakers were from national ruling elite and Gadjah Mada University (UGM) lecturers. We selected the speakers with certain qualification such as never has a law case especially in corruption and they must experience in fighting corruption.

ACS teaches all about corruption since one of causes why corruption is difficult to freeze is both government and society are lack of good understanding all about corruption that is rapidly happened in society and government.[4] ACS was success in making the students from different faculty welcome and join this program well. The number of the participants represented that there is still a big hope to make Indonesia free from corruption since definitely there are many intellectual youth care their country. They know that corruption should be a common enemy for better future of Indonesia.

Giving knowledge about corruption is not enough only given to youth, but it should be also to children. That’s why RPS exists to cover children from bad environment around them.

The Rich for The Poor School (RPS) for children

RPS vision is to create future leaders who have four strong characteristics. First
anti-corruption reflected by values of on-time accustomed to make a dream plan for one, five, ten, even twenty years later and schedule the daily activities though in working spiritually self-controlled in behaving and management fundamentals for both themselves and their peers. Second they become ‘good friends’ for environment around him. Third they love to help other people. Fourth being creative and innovative one in analyzing criticizing easily arguing and behaving.

RPS implements its vision through three key phrases of its methods. They are anti-corruption rules, outdoor class, and while playing. The Rich for the Poor means RPS gives all free for the poor and standardized high cost for the rich. The rich will be satisfied of the high quality and the poor gets their rights.[5]

 

Learning from ACS and RPS weakness

Those 2 projects (ACS and RPS) that I have established with my friends have weakness. ACS can not answer how to guarantee the graduate students would be totally say no to corruption in their daily practical work. This program is a flexible school, they can be just out from the anti-corruption school because this school is not including to the credit system in campus curriculum. Second, in this school, speakers gave the materials and the students just listened then gave the question along the discussion session to the speakers. Thus, it can’t answer how to guarantee the students could sustain to apply all the materials in their real life.

RPS has also any weaknesses. First, it can not answer the question how to guarantee that the children still applying all the materials, the rule, the simulation, in RPS after they are already out from RPS. The environment around man is the most influenced thing. The environment can be their friends, family, teachers, etc. These people are very possible to change all students’ characteristics formed by RPS. Or in the other word, I doubt this school can be a sustainable program to create better future leaders.

After finding the weaknesses in those two programs (ACS and RPS), I promised never stop to design the best solution to face corruption until this disease becomes totally zero in Indonesia. The struggle hasn’t ended yet. I have to keep fighting. Then I innovate the past projects, learn from their weakness, until I find a new great practical idea: Devotion and Spiritual Based Small Environment (DSSE). All about DSSE including goals, perspective, materials, and organization management are as follow.

 

Proposal Building DSSE (Devotion and Spiritual Based Small Environment)

DSSE perspective

The simplified perspective of this idea can be represented by these things below:

1. It is a small environment which consists of 4-5 participants including one tutor. They are grouped based on their interest, hobby, social level, and career. For example, the president is in one group with his vice and ministers. Teenagers whose hobby is watching football will be made in one group. House wife are grouped in one DSSE hence they could get friends living at house behind, in front of, right side, left side of their house in DSSE. Why are they grouped like that? The answer is to make it more efficient and their improvement can go as faster as possible.

2. Anywhere access. DSEE is a sustainable service whereby a participant could have a new group when she/he moves to the other either city or abroad. It is called group transfer. DSSE is created for a long participants’ lifetime. Along the lifetime, of course, one is very possible to move from one place to the other place for working, studying, etc. One could join a new group after getting permission and recommendation letter from the old tutor.

3. Spiritual and Devotion based. Many people think that professional, clean, and transparent are the key values that must be developed in the society to freeze corruption. I don’t agree with this statement totally. Those 3 values can not give the perfect answer for the question: how to control and guarantee the participants apply those things in their daily life anytime and anywhere. DSEE provides the learning subjects, simulation, and the method (the most important thing) to establish man’s spiritual based soul. It let them know: (1) for what they live and created, (2) the God always watch and control their acts, (3) that they have the finest responsibility to the God, (4) that they can reach the highest level when they love the God honestly. Finally, they promise themselves to do the best (devote) for the God, country, and the world.

4. FUFU (from you for you). DSSE human resources system is called networking ‘from you for you’. Each member of this environment has at least 2 groups. The first one is his right and the others are his obligation. It is done by self-awareness. DSSE consist of one tutor and 3-4 members. One must have 1 DSSE whereby he is just a member that has a right to get input (materials etc). Once his new behavior is closer to perfect according to the DSSE goals, he then should give his time to lead and organize other DSSE by being a tutor. One man can handle more than one other DSSE depend on his time and others. As a DSSE tutor he has to be able to create new tutor from his member to lead other DSSE, so the member of the members of DSSE are getting bigger and bigger. To make it easy to understand, the perspective of networking FUFU is represented by picture below.

But it is need to be reminded that the most important thing in DSSE is personal quality not quantity of persons hence the tutor has a great job and full utility to create new perfect leaders from his members. One can be a DSSE tutor after passing a certain qualification and test.

5. Frequent and applicable. In Indonesia, most of Muslim Society as the majority usually has a pengajian. It is a forum for Islamic study. It is held not frequent but incidentally. It’s nowadays already miss daily moral application. But it’s already associated in their mind that a Muslim must have it. The problem of Muslim in Indonesia today is although they believe in God, they are lack of spiritual life that can make them live in happily. It means there is something wrong with the pengajian. What DSSE can serve them based on that problem is DSSE is still introduced as pengajian but it’s more different. It’s enjoyable and serves them the true way of getting spiritual amenity. When they enjoy and feel that they get something different and they truly need it, making DSSE held frequently even every week will be no problem. But then, a question, why DSSE is designed and held frequently? It’s because: to improve and control their behavior will not be success if it’s not along the time and sustainable.

The goals

DSSE is a new and innovative product after analyzing the weakness found in my past projects which are The Rich for The Poor School (RPS) for children and anti-corruption school for university students. The goals of DSSE are:

1. To create a sustainable improvement of the Indonesian society mentality and behavior by freezing their old bad acts in corrupting since they associate that corruption is a common thing, not a mistake even a sin, and in additional they might think that corruption is a must and an allowed way to get added money to survive.

2. To build a comfort, enjoyable, and full of brotherhood environment where one advise each other in the truth about either personal or community problem which is faced every day.

3. To make ‘budi pekerti’, a highest Indonesian cultural value, come back again to its proper place as a means of society morality improvement.

4. To create big number of new future leaders who commit to devote and contribute for the country massively. It’s done by ‘from you for you (FUFU)’ method in DSSE. All about FUFU will be in the next part.

DSSE content to associate ‘budi pekerti’ as a soul and never ending behaviour

1. The materials:

a. Spiritual self concept. It let the members know their goal of life, why they are created in the world, what and how the day after, and how to have a meaningful and happy life. They also need to know themselves as triple I (I as myself, I as social man, I for the God)

b. Associate corruption as a big sin. Muslim (there are 84% Muslims in Indonesia) will never want to eat pork because they know that it is a big sin and also very disgusting. If they can liken doing corruption as eating pork, they will not do corruption again. “Corruption kill thousands people and is the most disgusting thing than others to do”. Finally they should believe and implement this statement strongly in their deepest soul.

c. After succeeding in creating those 2 things above in the members’ deepest soul, then they should enlarge their knowledge all about practical corruption happened in their daily life. It’s necessary since people sometime struggle to against corruption while they know nothing about corruption itself.

d. Budi pekerti as the main values that they must reach step by step. It’s obtained from Indonesian National Encyclopedy that the meaning of budi is man highest awareness. Budi enclose man to the holy values, the truth, source of which is the God direction. With budi, man could stay away from bad distortion which flows to the deep heart. Budi becomes light power when dark power comes inside. It is always ready to catch signal of direction coming from the God. But budi becomes meaningful only when it already become driver or man acts direction: be budi-pekerti.[6]

2. The tools and methods

a. Sudden heart washing. At the first meeting, all the members attend an ESQ (Emotional Spiritual Quotient) training to ‘wash’ wholly their soul and heart. This training is already existed. It is owned and born by Ary Ginanjar. This training can change bad man to good man, dirty man to clean man. It presents spiritual self concept with an excellent method hence it can give sudden heart washing and significant change only for a while of certain time (it’s usually for 1 month).

b. Simulation. These several simulations below designed as one of variation mode in DSSE:

i. Washing the poor people’s shoes. One who is always placed on the top social level and never experience being the poor is difficult to be able to sympathize and care them. By this simulation, one would know how the poor life is and aware that they could kill the poor by corrupting.

ii. Living in the remote place together with the poor. The objective is as sudden heart washing.

iii. Pretend to die. The members pretend to be dead people and progress all the processes just like when he is already dead in the fact. It let them know that dead-day is a must hence no delay to contribute for himself, civil society, the country and the God.

c. Sharing your heart!

In DSSE, there is no secret between one another. In the last session one share his/her personal and private problem about anything then others give the solution even until they help to solve it practically. The real environment is ‘wild’ (whereby corruption is done everywhere). Thus, facing it alone is not easy. One must need others at least to share. The tutor’s function is very significant. In addition, this session is one thing to make DSSE is more enjoyable and needed by everyone that usually feel loneliness facing wild environment.

The Organization Management

One thing that must be stressed in DSSE is to keep clean and credible all the tutors as the main prime-mover of its success. That’s why the organization management must be well designed. DSSE would be under KPK since it has a credibility until now in recruiting their staffs and commit in fighting corruption.

KPK is a new independent commission in Indonesia. It has created some achievements in fighting corruptions through law sector. Definitely it supports all the ways done by any association in fighting corruption. Until now, it hasn’t had a special affair in terms of facing corruption through education but only joint program with some association. Having DSSE under KPK completes its goal to make Indonesia clean from the corruption totally.

KPK then recruits qualified DSSE tutors to lead the first DSSE generations which are grouped of 4-5 persons. The tutors must be clean, educated, committed, and integrated person. At the starting point, ruling elite (president and his vice, the member of representatives, lawyer, ministry), activist from university and high school students should be prioritized. They would be pioneers (agent of change). It is for central DSSE. DSSE would also exist at some provinces where KPK exist there. In the province level, governor and vice, head of local departments for any affairs, the member of local representative house are prioritized.

The DSSE fund is born from KPK budget and other help fund from local, national, and international independent organizations which concern in fighting corruption in Indonesia.

Conclusion

Today there is a frailty that corruption done in collaboration and so open without any shy at all.[7] People said that corruption already become an Indonesian culture. They don’t aware what they do have made much crying for whole country especially the poor. The poor might don’t want to wake up from sleep because they do not know what they have for eat, which school their daughter and son can enter without money. Freezing it through low and economic improvement is nothing because money budgeted will be loss and it is just for a temporary shock. That’s why it proposes a sustainable, small environment to improve the morality and try to associate corruption as eating pork since eating pork is deeply memorized in most of Indonesian society’s mind as disgusting thing to do. The cumulative of great, committed, clean, and strong people created by DSSE will be the cumulative of success for better Indonesia that is free from corruption until all the public services and all programs will be truly felt by the grass root.

References

Ahmad Syafi’i Ma’arif, Budaya Kumuh, Gatra No.5, Jakarta, 14 December 2006.

Ahmad Tohari, Agama itu Budi Pekerti?, Repubilka, Jakarta, 19 February 2007.

Alatas, Syed Hussein, Corruption and the Destiny of Asia, Prentice Hall Malaysia and

Simon & Schuster, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 1998.

Arya Maheka, Mengenali dan Memberantas Korupsi, Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi

(KPK) Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.

Dedy Purwanto, Anti-Corruption and Environment-Love Based School While Playing for

Children -The Rich for The Poor School (RPS)-, submitted to World Bank

International Essay Competition 2006.

Sujono, in a dialogue between Indonesian society in Malaysia and the member of central

representative house, Indonesian Embassy at Kuala Lumpur, 25 February 2007.

Yoyoh Yusroh speech, recorded by www.youtube.com,

 

 

 

 

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[1] Ahmad Syafi’i Ma’arif, Budaya Kumuh, Gatra No.5, Jakarta, 14 December 2006.

[2] Sujono, in a dialogue between Indonesian society in Malaysia and the member of central representative house, Indonesian Embassy at Kuala Lumpur, 25 February 2007.

[3] Alatas, Syed Hussein, Corruption and the Destiny of Asia, Prentice Hall Malaysia and Simon & Schuster, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 1998

[4] Arya Maheka, Mengenali dan Memberantas Korupsi, Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.

[5] Dedy Purwanto, Anti-Corruption and Environment-Love Based School While Playing for Children

-The Rich for The Poor School (RPS)-, submitting to World Bank International Essay Competition 2006.

[6] Ahmad Tohari, Agama itu Budi Pekerti?, Repubilka, Jakarta, 19 February 2007.

[7] Yoyoh Yusroh speech in front of representative house of Republic of Indonesia forum, recorded by www.youtube.com,